From signal models and reference-signal resource elements to protocol conformance, certification and the RF, compute and channel conditions that determine what a real NR modem can achieve.
These foundations connect signal processing and protocol requirements to what real modem implementations, test laboratories and networks actually verify.
Why orthogonality gives Tu = 1/Δf, why LTE selected 15 kHz, how normal CP produces 14 symbols, and what a complete 10 kHz alternative would change.
Derive the NR time-frequency grid →The MIMO capacity proof, singular spatial modes, DM-RS and CSI-RS inside NR slots, LS/LMMSE estimation, channel aging and hardware-constrained arrays.
Build MIMO from first principles →Why 3GPP writes testable requirements but does not certify products, what regulatory, GCF, PTCRB and operator testing cover, and how a non-conforming modem can still reach users.
Follow the verification chain →